Friendly Critiques

When a writer is working on their next literary masterpiece the first opinions to be asked for are usually those of the writer's family and friends. But often when we ask for a friendly critique we get more than we anticipated.

I remember asking my family what they honestly thought of my writing. My daughter and two oldest sons were careful not to hurt my feelings. My youngest son honestly declared that I am definitely not a poet. My husband bluntly told me that my writing put him to sleep but he thought that was a good thing especially when he had insomnia.

A couple of my friends insisted that everything I wrote was absolutely wonderful! Of course, that was a dead give away as to their honest opinion. Another of my friends didn't know a critique from a competition. Every time I asked for her opinion she automatically went into compete mode. The worst part was that she never did critique my work one way or the other. As soon as I would ask for her opinion on something I wrote she would just start bragging about her house, car, kids, husband and anything else she could think of. As you can probably figure, I stopped asking for her opinion.

The point is, if you want an honest opinion, asking your friends and family might provide you with anything but a truthful critique. Friends and relatives tend to be either too blatantly honest, such as my son or they tend to not be completely honest in an attempt to spare your feelings.

Being the friend isn't always an easy position to be in either. If you tell your friend you love her work, her reaction might be something like this, "Oh, you're just saying that because you're my friend." If you tell your friend the work is good but it could be better, you may get a response such as, "How can you say that? I thought you were my friend?" You might find yourself caught in the middle, feeling like you're doomed no matter what you say. Have you been in a situation like this before? Maybe you've put your friend on the spot. At one time or another, most of us have been on one or both sides of the fence before. It's not a good place to be.

If you're the friend in this kind of situation you might suggest to your writer buddy that he or she join an online writing group where critiques are gladly given. If you're not a writer you might explain that you just don't feel qualified to give an accurate critique. For instance, "You know me. I can barely write a letter and I can't even remember the last time I picked up a book! Are you sure you want MY opinion?"

But if your friend really knows you well he or she won't fall for such a feeble attempt to get out of giving a critique. If you are the one asking for the critique don't put pressure on your friends. If they don't feel comfortable expressing their opinion, then respect that and let it go. If you continue to pressure you might not be happy with the results. If you're going to ask for an honest opinion then you better be prepared to hear it.

Too often we think we want to hear the opinion of others but once those opinions are voiced we are upset with what we've been told. Even if you get a negative critique you can find something positive in it. Take something from it and find where you can improve. Don't let a negative critique upset you; let it make you stronger.

Joining a writing group can have its perks. You can get honest (well sometimes) opinions from writers who have the same doubts as you do. They can give advice, share experiences, console and uplift you through periods of writer's block or rejection. They can help support you as you work toward your goals and inspire your creativity. You can do the same for them. You learn from each other. So give your friends a break and write on.

Darlene Zagata is a freelance writer and columnist for the print publication Moon Shadows Magazine. She is also the author of "Aftertaste: A Collection of Poems" and "The Choosing." Her work has been published extensively both online and in print. For more information visit her website at http://darlenezagata.tripod.com or contact Darlene at darzagata@yahoo.com

Is A Disneyland Vacation Right For You?

Disneyland became the very definition of a theme park and family vacation when it opened in California in July, 1955.

For decades, it has amazed kids and parents alike, with its enchanting atmosphere, great attractions and shows. It soon became a popular vacation spot for families, allowing the parent to enjoy a soothing vacation at the nearby resort, but still allowing the kids to have a blast at the park.

First-time visitors will be able to take in the Disneyland Resort with a three- or four-day visit, as opposed to the full week or more that a first-timer would need to see Disney World. That leaves a visitor with a few extra days to visit some of Southern California's other attractions, including Knott's Berry Farm, Universal Studios, and the beaches.

When going to Disneyland, think about the hotel you will stay at. It is best to stay at a hotel inside Disneyland, or in some of the Harbor Blvd hotels, which are not far from the front entrances of the park, rather than in an on- property hotel.

On the other hand, some of the on-property hotels, like Disneylands Grand California Hotel or Candy Cane Inn have done miracles to preserve the Disneyland theme. These hotels provide such an exciting experience that it would be a shame to miss.

Although getting up early is hardly what you dream about while on vacation, try to arrive early at Disney~s and use their FastPass system. FastPasses are available at the distribution center for each ride. Arriving early is advisable because only this way you can enjoy most of the rides and have unforgettable days at Disney~s.

Just put a valid park admission ticket in the machine, and it gives you a FastPass ticket for that ride. Unfortunately, it is not available for all rides, only the larger, more popular ones.

If you go to Disney~s with very young children, you can still enjoy all park~s attractions. Consider a child swap ~ i.e. one of the adults stays with the children, who are too young for a particular ride. The others from the group enjoy the ride and when they return from there, they stay with the children, while the other guy or lady has fun at the ride.

Disneyland is a great place to go to anytime of the year, since there are great shows all the time. A popular show is parades. This is a chance for kids to meet their beloved Disneyland characters and above all ~ to have their picture taken with them. Another attraction is floats of dancers, musicians, and horses. The astonishing fireworks are another great show to see at Disney~s.

Whatever rides and attractions inside Disney you visit, there is no doubt that it will be a memorable vacation for the whole family. Certainly, for children it will be a really exciting experience to visit a dream place like Disney~s but for parents, too, the time at Disney~s (and the resorts inside it) will also be a remarkable experience. And why not repeat it again next year?

David Banderton is the operator of ALTA Vacation His site has a comprehensive collection of information on vacations, plus a free newsletter, resources and vacation articles. For great vacation information, go to: http://www.altavacation.com

Language of Dreams

Dreams take us not into ourselves, but out of ourselves. -Richard Jones

Dreams hold us in fascination. It's an experience that takes us to another realm of existence. We try to make sense of it upon waking, that is if we can remember the dream.It's not just you and I who marvel at the series of images and events.

Scientists, researchers and psychologists have their own questions: when do dreams occur? What is the purpose of dreaming? Parapsychologists believe that dreams serve as channels for psychic communication.

Dreams transport us into a world that defies logic, transcends time, space and physical barriers. Our dreams are our own stories, a series of stories that are real in the dream world. We mingle with our long departed loved ones ,alive and very much part of our lives; celebrating with us, struggling with us, talking to us, touching us. We meet long forgotten friends or acquaintances. We meet strangers.

We move in and out from one scene to another. We travel to places we can only fantasize about .We wake up shaking with fear from a nughtmare.In dreams, we meet faces, we confront danger, we enjoy a celebration, we experience success or failure, we have adventures. We wake up puzzled and at times confused.

NATURE OF DREAMS

Sleep is essential to dreaming. This is not about lucid or active dreaming, or induced altered states to trigger dreams.Nor is it about monitored dream states in a laboratory setting. This is about the ordinary dreaming state we all experience. Dreams that visit us in our sleep, our experience , our adventures that can go from the bizarre, to the sublime , to the ridiculous and to disconnected events.

Sleep is a time to step back from the real world, from the anxieties, from the confusion, from the passions, from the logical part of us, from reality. In sleep, we drift into a world that is spontaneous, into a realm that requires no logic, no analysis, no express cerebral activity. In our dreams, we do not have to exercise judgment nor be judged.

Does the soul travel during sleep? What kind of world awaits us when we go to sleep and enter the dreams state? Are dreams inspired by God, by some beings, by spirits from our past? Are we visited by evil or tramp spirits that are believed to roam the world? Was the dream an extension of that movie we watched?

How can our spirit or soul mingle within a world totally different from our conscious world? Strong emotions find their way into our dreams. So do our innermost fears and insecurities. What about shadows? Some events in our lives cast a long shadow. Our deepest secrets may reveal themselves in another context in our dreams.

Freud and Jung were famous for their exploration of dreams. They had different approach to dreaming. Freud stated that dreams do not reflect reality,it is as varied as thoughts in the waking state. He had a regressive approach to dreams.

Jung believed that the dream psyche passes a wealth of contents and living forms equal to or greater than the conscious mind. He took the progressive approach. Jung spent years exploring his own dreams, thus providing useful information on the correlation of symbols to dreams.

There is an increasing interest in dream interpretation and working with dreams. There is a connection between our dreams and our regular lives in the regular world. Could we stop and make some relevance of our dreams and our reality? Dreams provide access to our inner world. This makes it worthwhile to explore and try to understand our dreams, and perhaps find a connecting bridge to our reality, discover those hidden creative talents.

Dreams may have a message to help us confront our demons, our deepest pain , or remind us of forgotten joys. Dreams can also be precognitive, that is, it may warn the dreamer of the potential of unpleasant events. Dreams may at times reflect suppressed or unexpressed emotions and passions. It can highlight sexual tensions.

A closer look at dreams may be helpful to our spiritual development. Some of the experiences in dreams convey wisdom, happiness and beauty, as well as pain and sorrow Dream interpretation requires patience and perseverance. A dream journal is a helpful tool and for future reference.

ELEMENTS OF DREAM INTERPRETATION

In his book : Let Your Body Interpret your Dream, Eugene Gendlin has these pointers as a guide to dream interpretation:

Experience and experiment the dream. Focus. It is not about trying to intellectualize the dream, but to experience the dream and to feel it. Listen to the stirrings within, be open to change, be forward ?moving.

Associations: Feeling- what did you feel in the dream, what in your life feels like it? Yesterday- what did you do yesterday? What preoccupied you?

Drama, place: What was the main place in the dream? Have you ever been in a place like that? How did it feel?

Story : Summarize the story-plot of the dream. What in your life is like that? Summarize the events of the dream in two or three steps.

Character: Who was the most important character. Were there unknown persons.Who do these people remind you of?

Working with characters: What part of you is that in the dream. What feelings arise when you consider a particular character. What adjectives can describe that person, be that person,imagine yourself to be a particular character.How would you feel and act ? Can the dream continue? Vividly visualize the end of any important scene. Watch and wait for any changes in images and feelings.

Decoding techniques: Symbols - think of symbols; what was that thing, what is it used for? Did you dream of a house? What shapes and colors can you remember? Were there animals?

Body analogy : Was there any object in your dream that can be an analogy for the body?

Conterfactuals: What situation in the dream is specifically different from the actual situation? Why would the dream make these changes?

Developmental Dimensions: Childhood -what childhood memories are related to your dream. Personal growth- how are you trying to develop? Are you feeling stuck in a rut lately? Sexuality ?could the dream be about your current feelings or actions towards your sexuality

Spirituality- what creative or spiritual potentials might the dream reflect?

It is believed that Gendlin's use of the body association in dream work has some precedent in the Gestalt method. He took it a step further with the bodily sense and awareness.

As strange as our dreams are at times, dreams are real to us in the dream state. It is present and vivid , yet difficult to remember when we wake up. We are puzzled about having been in another world in our sleep. The intensity of the relationships and events which we actively take part in are forgotten.

Dream becomes a forgotten language.

Bonnie Moss writes about spirituality, tools available to all to walk the path. Visit her website , a metaphysical site that offers information on tarot, crystals, aura,angels, journalling and other topics.

She is the Executive Secretary of Tarot Canada International, as well as a regular contributor of articles to the newletter, Future Endeavours. She is a tarot consultant and also does dream interpretations.

Visit her website:

http://goldencupcafe.tripod.com

The Prejudging Predicament

There's a direct correlation between sales experience and prejudging. The more sales and marketing experience you have the greater the tendency to prejudge your customers and prospects.

Do not put labels on people. "All purchasing agents expect . . ."

Don't assume you know anything if you haven't ask any questions.

Don't assume your customers all have similar needs i.e. to save money and time.

If you have a dictionary ? grab it now. First, look up the word impossible and cross it out. Obliterate it from your dictionary. Nothing is impossible without your consent. Next, look up the word prejudge.

To prejudge means to judge before hand, prematurely, and without all the facts.

From a customer's perspective, imagine how they feel when you jump to conclusions about their company, challenges, and concerns.

Instead of assuming all customers and prospects are similar, find out what makes them different. Asking questions uncovers more than basic needs, it reveals what is unique about the different people you call on. Once you
know what's unique you can zero in on what's best for them based on what they said, not what you assumed. Get the picture?

Avoid prejudging ?

Goals
Desires
Budgets
Priorities
Problems
Challenges
Decision criteria
Decision process

Making assumptions makes you look and sound pathetic.

Asking provocative questions makes you look and sound professional. If you're asking really good questions ? you should hear your customers "That's a good question." If you're not hearing that compliment often it means you're not asking really good questions. HELLO!

When you prejudge, you misjudge.

Jim Meisenheimer is the creator of No-Brainer Sales Training. His sales techniques and selling skills focus on practical ideas that get immediate results. You can discover all his secrets by contacting him at (800) 266-1268 or by visiting his website: http://www.meisenheimer.com

Inoculate Yourself Against Bad PR

What is bad PR?

Well, if you're a business, non-profit or association manager, bad PR does nothing positive about the behaviors of those important outside audiences of yours that most affect your operation.

It fails to create external stakeholder behavior change leading directly to achieving your managerial objectives.

And it never does persuade those key outside folks to your way of thinking, or move them to take actions that allow your department, division or subsidiary to succeed.

Good PR, on the other hand, really CAN alter individual perception and lead to the changed behaviors you need. At the same time, however, it requires more than special events, brochures and news releases if you really want to get your PR money's worth.

Your inoculation against bad PR is the underlying premise of public relations, and here it is: people act on their own perception of the facts before them, which leads to predictable behaviors about which something can be done. When we create, change or reinforce that opinion by reaching, persuading and moving-to-desired-action the very people whose behaviors affect the organization the most, the public relations mission is accomplished.

You may be surprised that good PR can generate results like prospects starting to work with you; customers making repeat purchases; stronger relationships with the educational, labor, financial and healthcare communities; improved relations with government agencies and legislative bodies, and even capital givers or specifying sources looking your way

As the effort gains momentum, you can also see results such as new proposals for strategic alliances and joint ventures; rebounds in showroom visits; membership applications on the rise; community service and sponsorship opportunities; enhanced activist group relations, and expanded feedback channels, not to mention new thoughtleader and special event contacts.

Just how vital is it that your most important outside audiences really perceive your operations, products or services in a positive light? Vital indeed, so assure yourself that your PR staff has bought into the whole effort. Be especially careful that they accept the reality that perceptions almost always lead to behaviors that can help or hurt your unit.

Take the time to review the PR blueprint in detail with your staff, especially how you will gather and monitor matters by questioning members of your most important outside audiences. Questions like these: how much do you know about our organization? How much do you know about our services or products and employees? Have you had prior contact with us and were you pleased with the interchange? Have you experienced problems with our people or procedures?

The perception monitoring phases of your program can obviously be handled by professional survey people, IF the budget is available. But always keep in mind that your PR people are also in the perception and behavior business and can pursue the same objective: identify untruths, false assumptions, unfounded rumors, inaccuracies, misconceptions and any other negative perception that might translate into hurtful behaviors.

Now, let's talk about your public relations goal. You need one that speaks to the aberrations that showed up during your key audience perception monitoring. In all probability, it will call for straightening out that dangerous misconception, or correcting that gross inaccuracy, or doing something about that damaging rumor.

The realities of public relations are that goals need strategies to show you how to get there. And also that you have just three strategic choices when it comes to handling a perception or opinion challenge: create perception where there may be none, change the perception, or reinforce it. Unfortunately, a bad strategy pick will taste like ice cream on your corned beef and cabbage, so be certain the new strategy fits well with your new public relations goal. For example, you don't want to select "change" when the facts dictate a "reinforce" strategy.

Your PR team must create just the right, corrective language. Persuading an audience to your way of thinking is awfully hard work, so we're looking for words that are compelling, persuasive and believable AND clear and factual. You must do this if you are to correct a perception by shifting opinion towards your point of view, leading to the desired behaviors.

Here you must select the communications tactics most likely to carry your words to the attention of your target audience. Meet again with your communications specialists and review your message for impact and persuasiveness. You can pick from dozens of available tactics. From speeches, facility tours, emails and brochures to consumer briefings, media interviews, newsletters, personal meetings and many others. Just be sure that the tactics you pick are known to reach folks just like your audience members.

On the chance that the old line about the credibility of a message depending on its delivery method is true, you might think about introducing it to smaller gatherings rather than using higher-profile communications such as news releases or talk show appearances.

Consider yourself alerted when the topic of a progress report is suggested. Time for you and your PR folks to return to the field for a second perception monitoring session with members of your external audience. Using many of the same questions used in the first benchmark session, you'll now be watching very carefully for signs that your communications tactics have worked and that the negative perception is being altered in your direction.

If impatience rears its head, you can always accelerate things with a broader selection of communications tactics AND increased frequencies.

Obviously, this will convert bad PR into good PR by doing something positive about the behaviors of those important outside audiences of yours that most affect your operation. It will do the job by creating external stakeholder behavior change leading directly to achieving your managerial objectives. And it will pull this off by persuading those key outside folks to your way of thinking, thus moving them to take actions that allow your business, non-profit or association to succeed.

Please feel free to publish this article and resource box in your ezine, newsletter, offline publication or website. A copy would be appreciated at bobkelly@TNI.net. Word count is 1100 including guidelines and resource box. Robert A. Kelly ? 2004.

Bob Kelly counsels, writes and speaks to business, non-profit and association managers about using the fundamental premise of public relations to achieve their operating objectives. He has been DPR, Pepsi-Cola Co.; AGM-PR, Texaco Inc.; VP-PR, Olin Corp.; VP-PR, Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.; director of communi- cations, U.S. Department of the Interior, and deputy assistant press secretary, The White House. He holds a bachelor of science degree from Columbia University, major in public relations.

eMail: bobkelly@TNI.net

Visit:http://www.prcommentary.com

A Little Love, Please?

Article based on a friend's experience

I just wanted to share an experience I just had with my daughters, Yee Ting and Yee Sin.

Yee Ting is three years old this month while Yee Sin is only one-month old. Yee Ting has always been a rather good girl, apart from the occasional tantrum outbursts sprinkling our usual day. She would tell me when she wanted to eat, wear the clothes I tell her to wear, watch her TV and then play with her toys, without much hassle.

As a stay-at-home mom, I really appreciated her obedience because it made it possible for me to perform my household chores while she went along with her usual day. She has not attended preschool yet, although we're thinking about it. Maybe next year, we'll send her to a good one. I am very picky about the kind of schools she goes to. Maybe that's why I have been delaying the decision.

Yee Sin was born only a month ago and is generally a very happy baby but she's quite fussy. She tends to be very fussy about wanting me to feed her, even when my mother comes over to help once in a while. My mother has problems feeding, changing and helping her sleep. In the end, my mother comes over to perform the house chores while I find the time to play and cuddle with Yee Sin.

Ever since Yee Sin was born, Yee Ting has been on the edge. She has behaved very badly at times, screaming and shouting. She even kicked at me one time, which made me very mad with her. I lost my temper and shouted at her. I even hit her a few times. I know I shouldn't but I couldn't control myself because I felt all stressed out with the piles of dishes waiting for me and I needed to feed and bathe Yee Sin before I attended to those things. Yee Ting was very sorry after that and she sat in one corner, ignoring me and my husband (when he came back). She read her books in that corner, took her milk and then went to sleep cuddling her dolly in that corner.

I felt terrible about hitting her and vow never to do it again.

Then I took both my daughters to buy some groceries one morning in a nearby shopping mall. Let me get this straight, going to the shopping mall together happens to be one of those special activities for me and Yee Ting before Yee Sin was born. We would go there and run around like wild horses. She would play hide and seek in the clothes department, hiding behind the clothes for sale and I would pretend to look for her. Because we go there during office hours, there are usually not many people there and staff ignores us. So, we usually have a ball there.

This time, I was carrying Yee Sin in my arms while I insisted that Yee Ting walk alongside me. The stuff I bought was sitting in the stroller destined for the kids. When Yee Ting hid behind the clothes, I barked at her and told her to come right out. "Come out! Mommy has got no time to play with you!" I shouted. Solemnly, Yee Ting trotted along with me.

Everything has changed. The world has changed. Mommy has changed. And it's all because Yee Sin came along.

When we came home, Yee Ting behaved very naughtily. She pulled the tablecloth from the table and ruined the vase and flower arrangements. She kicked around when she couldn't find her color pencils. And when I was carrying Yee Sin, she would climb all over me and Yee Sin, hoping to get in between.

Thank goodness, my mother came. Amazingly, Yee Sin took to my mother that day. And I had the time to look at Yee Ting in the eye and reprimand her for her wrongdoing. I told her to come to my room as I had some things to tell her. I went to the room before her. I waited for her while she ran around the living room looking for her things. She brought her books, her dolly and her play-doh. When she entered the room, she cautiously tiptoed.

Then it struck me, this little young lady has finally found mommy all alone, with nothing to do. She has finally caught mommy in a moment whereby she would be free from everything. It is possible that mommy is now the way she was before. But she has to be careful. This time is precious so, in order not to spoil anything, she would tiptoe around.

I felt very guilty. I felt terrible. I was being a terrible mom to Yee Ting. For all those times I scolded her for being naughty, she was trying to get me to pay attention to her. She was trying to tell me something emotional like, "Mommy's always with Yee Sin. I am jealous!", "I want my mommy back", "I feel hurt", "I feel left out" and "Mommy! Pay attention to me. I need you too!". But she doesn't have the vocabulary for it yet.

I sat with her in the room for half an hour, playing, reading, laughing, joking, smiling, cuddling and I told her I love her about a million times. After all the playing, I said to her, "Ting, mommy's sorry. I have no time for you, and I am extremely sorry for that. I love you. I love you tremendously and don't doubt that. It's difficult for mommy right now but nothing changed. I still love you. I need you to be a big girl, ok? I need you to be strong. I promise to make time for you everyday. I promise"

And this promise?..I kept. Yee Ting has never been better.

And as the title goes?a little love changed a little girl from a little monster to a little angel. A little love goes a long way.

Marsha Maung is a work at home freelance graphic designer and writer. She resides in Selangor, Malaysia with her husband, Peter and 2 boys, Joshua and Jared. She is the author of "Raising Little Magicians" and other work at home books. For more information, please visit http://www.marshamaung.com

Understanding Meditation

It is impossible to overstate the importance of daily meditation. The benefits are enormous. They are: improved physical, emotional, mental and spiritual health; greater personal power, enhanced creativity, increased ability to enact ideals and an enhanced sense of purpose and well-being.

Meditation is the art of stilling the mind. Contemplation often gets confused with meditation; but contemplation is not meditation. Contemplation is focusing the mind, while meditation is stilling the mind.

The normal waking operation of the brain is in the Beta State, which limits learning ability and full brain function. In this normal waking Beta State, the brain wave frequency is between 15 and 75 cycles per second, averaging 25 cycles per second. The mind is busy with about 60,000 thoughts per day passing fleetingly through consciousness.

The first level of meditation is the Alpha State, which facilitates faster and more complete learning. In this meditative Alpha State, brain wave frequency is between 7 and 14 cycles per second. Your mind becomes stiller, calmer and less busy, less noisy so that your ability to learn new information is enhanced.

This Alpha State is often referred to as the Super Learning state by educators, or as The Zone by athletes, or The Groove by musicians and artists. Fewer thoughts occur but they are more focused and persistent.

Most people's experience with meditation is limited to this Alpha State; but there are two deeper states where the mind gets progressively stiller.

When deeper meditative states occur in the Theta State, brain wave frequency is between 4 to 6 cycles per second. You begin to achieve real stillness and silence, and joy is experienced as the mind achieves harmony with its source. The mind is considerably less busy in this Theta State with very few thoughts occurring; and those that do occur are laser focused, intentionally chosen and consciously recycled to create a recurring subconscious affirmation of maximum beingness.

Below Theta is the Delta State, in which brain wave frequency is below 4 cycles per second and can go as low as half a cycle per second. This is complete stillness and silence. It is in this state that a full transcendent consciousness or what some have called cosmic consciousness or divine consciousness is achieved. It is a state of bliss and power.

It often takes a lifetime of practice to attain this Delta State, but occasionally individuals are propelled into it 'by accident' and have inspirational, transcendent experiences that are almost impossible to describe. It is similar to a NDE or near death experience, which coincidently, is also characterized by no, or very little, brain wave activity.

Most people's minds operate like a hyper-kinetic, unruly, two-year-old child having practically no attention span and no apparent focus. Practicing meditation techniques will empower you to become more focused, more mentally powerful and more able to create a successful and happy life. Even if you only ever attain the Alpha State in your meditations, you will be healthier, happier, more purposeful and more capable of creating the life you desire to have for yourself.

Start today.

? Leslie Fieger. All rights reserved worldwide.

Leslie is the author of The DELFIN Knowledge System Trilogy: The Initiation, The Journey and The Quest plus many more success publications. He also the co-author of The End of the World with Hugh Jeffries and Alexandra's DragonFire with his daughter Ashley. Subscribe to his free and ad-free eZine at http://www.ProsperityParadigm.com or http://www.LeslieFieger.com.

Reprinting and republishing of this article is granted only with the above credit included. Permission to reprint or republish does not waive any copyright.